Ekonomi pengeluaran cili merah secara fertigasi di Malaysia
(Economic of chilli cultivation using fertigation technology in Malaysia)
Abstrak
Cili merah atau Capsicum annum adalah tanaman jangka masa singkat yang bernilai tinggi. Penanaman cili merah dijalankan dengan menggunakan kaedah konvensional dan sistem fertigasi. Terdapat dua kaedah sistem fertigasi yang diamalkan di Malaysia iaitu penanaman cili merah di bawah struktur pelindung hujan dan fertigasi terbuka, dan menanam cili merah tanpa struktur pelindung hujan. Kesemua sistem penanaman ini mempunyai kelebihan dan kekurangan. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menilai kos dan faedah penanaman cili merah menggunakan sistem fertigasi dan konvensional. Data diperoleh daripada plot projek perintis di bawah MARDI dan Jabatan Pertanian. Analisis kos-faedah menunjukkan bahawa kos pengeluaran bagi cili merah menggunakan kedua-dua sistem fertigasi masing-masing ialah RM1.19/kg (di bawah struktur pelindung hujan) dan RM1.56/kg (fertigasi terbuka) berbanding dengan RM2.03/kg menggunakan kaedah konvensional. Pendapatan bersih setiap pusingan per hektar untuk penanaman cili merah menggunakan sistem fertigasi di bawah struktur pelindung hujan ialah RM105,654 dan fertigasi terbuka ialah RM77,415 iaitu lebih tinggi daripada kaedah konvensional (RM55,900). Pendapatan bersih yang lebih tinggi diperoleh kerana hasil cili merah yang tinggi, hampir dua kali ganda bagi setiap hektar berbanding dengan kaedah konvensional. Analisis belanjawan separa juga menunjukkan nilai faedah yang lebih tinggi daripada nilai implikasi sekiranya petani beralih daripada menggunakan kaedah konvensional menggunakan kedua-dua sistem fertigasi. Secara keseluruhan, penanaman cili merah menggunakan teknologi fertigasi dapat meningkatkan hasil dan daya maju. Kos atau modal permulaan yang tinggi akan diimbangi oleh hasil pengeluaran yang tinggi. Teknologi ini juga lebih mesra alam berbanding dengan kaedah konvensional dan mengikut amalan pembangunan pertanian lestari serta mematuhi agenda pertanian negara.
Abstract
Red chilli or Capsicum annum is a high value cash crop. Cultivation of red chilli had been done using conventional method and fertigation system. There were two methods of fertigation system being practiced in Malaysia, planting under rain shealter and open fertigation; and planting without rain shealter. All three planting systems had its advantages and disadvantages. This study was conducted to evaluate the costs and benefits of red chilli cultivation using both fertigation system and conventional methods. Data were obtained from pilot project plot under MARDI and Department of Agriculture. Cost-benefit analysis showed that the costs of production for red chilli using both fertigation system were RM1.19/ kg (under rain shealter) and RM1.56 kg (open fertigation), respectively, compared to RM2.03/kg using the conventional method. Net income per season per ha for planting red chilli using fertigation system under rain shealter was RM105,654 and open fertigation was RM77,415, which were higher than the conventional method (RM55,900). The higher net income was due to the high yield of red chilli, almost two fold per hectare than the conventional method. Partial budget analysis also showed a higher benefit value than implication value in the event of farmers switching from using conventional methods to using both of the fertigation system. Overall, red chilli cultivation using fertigation technology improves the yield and viability. The high cost or initial capital is offseted by high production yield. This technology is also more environmentally friendly than the conventional methods; and in accordance with the practice of sustainable agriculture development and conforms to the present agriculture agenda.