Kesan banjir terhadap pengeluaran padi dan sosioekonomi petani (Impact of floods on paddy production and sosioeconomic of farmers)
Khairul Hafifi Maidin*, Nor Amna A’liah Mohammad Nor* dan Mohd Syauqi Nazmi*
Kata penunjuk: banjir, pengeluaran padi, sosioekonomi petani
Abstrak
Kajian kesan bencana banjir terhadap pengeluaran padi dan sosioekonomi petani telah dijalankan di dua jelapang padi utama negara MADA dan KADA dengan melibatkan 200 orang petani padi. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti implikasi banjir kepada pengeluaran padi dan sosioekonomi petani serta faktor teknikal dan pengurusan yang menyumbang kepada peningkatan kerosakan padi semasa berlakunya banjir seterusnya mencadangkan kaedah bagi meminimumkan kesan banjir. Data primer yang diperoleh melalui survei dan temu bual serta data sekunder dari tahun 2003 – 2012 digunakan bagi mencapai objektif kajian. Dapatan kajian diperoleh melalui dua kaedah kajian iaitu deskriptif dan model regresi. Secara umumnya, bencana banjir berkait secara langsung dengan penurunan pengeluaran padi berdasarkan dapatan model regresi yang menunjukkan setiap peningkatan 1% banjir menyebabkan pengurangan 0.016% penghasilan padi. Purata kawasan yang terjejas disebabkan banjir 0.7 – 6.53% semusim bagi tahun 2003 – 2012. Antara cadangan yang disyorkan ialah peningkatan keupayaan membuat jangkaan dan ramalan kerana bencana banjir banyak berlaku pada musim utama dan jika jangkaan yang lebih tepat dapat diperoleh, kesan banjir dapat dikurangkan. Infrastruktur dan prasarana pertanian padi perlu dinaik taraf kerana purata kawasan terjejas yang agak tinggi. Berdasarkan soal selidik petani, banjir berpunca daripada kelemahan dan kekurangan infrastruktur yang berkesan menyalurkan lebihan air keluar dari sawah padi.
Abstract
The impact study of floods on rice production and socioeconomic of farmers was conducted in two major national granary MADA and KADA involving 200 farmers. The aim of this study was to identify the implications of floods on rice production and farmers’ socioeconomic, to investigate technical and management factors that contributed to the increase in rice damage and suggest suitable methods to minimise the impact of flooding. The primary data obtained through surveys and interviews and secondary data from 2003 – 2012 were used to achieve the objectives of the study. The data analyse techniques involved both descriptive and regression analyses. Based on the findings, the floods are directly related to the decline in rice production. The regression model showed that 1% increase in flood caused a 0.016% reduction in rice production. Meanwhile, the average area affected by the floods in KADA and MADA was 0.7 – 6.53% each season in 2003 – 2012. The study had proposed several recommendations to reduce the impact of floods on rice production and socioeconomic of farmers. Among the recommendations was to strengthen the capability to anticipate and forecast floods because flood disasters tend to occur in the main season and if precise anticipations may be obtained, the impact of floods can be reduced. Meanwhile, infrastructure need to be upgraded because the average area affected was relatively high. Based on the survey, rice damage occur due to the weakness and lack of an effective infrastructure to channel excess water out of the rice fields.