Penilaian ekonomi Sistem Pengeluaran Padi Clearfield®
(Economic evaluation of Clearfield® Paddy Production System)
Rosnani Harun*, Tapsir Serin* dan Azmi Man**
Kata penunjuk: Sistem Pengeluaran Clearfield, kos pengeluaran, nisbah faedah dan kos
Abstrak
Penilaian ekonomi telah dijalankan terhadap 60 orang petani di dua kawasan jelapang padi negara iaitu Lembaga Kemajuan Pertanian Muda (MADA) dan Kawasan Pembangunan Pertanian Bersepadu (IADA) Barat Laut Selangor (BLS). Data primer sebelum dan selepas amalan Sistem Pengeluaran Clearfield (SPC) daripada responden yang sama diperoleh dengan menggunakan kaedah pensampelan berstrata. Majoriti responden (86.7%) menanam varieti padi Clearfield MR 220CL2 manakala selebihnya varieti Clearfield MR 220CL1. Purata hasil bagi SPC meningkat 28% daripada 6.5 t/ha kepada 8.4 t/ha. Kos setiap kilogram bagi SPC adalah lebih rendah berbanding dengan kos amalan konvensional walaupun tiada perbezaan yang ketara dalam purata kos pengeluaran sehektar. Nisbah faedah kos bagi SPC tanpa harga subsidi ialah 1.65, 1.69 dan 1.57 lebih tinggi daripada kaedah konvensional masing-masing ialah 1.28, 1.40 dan 1.15 untuk keseluruhan, MADA dan BLS. Mengambil kira harga subsidi pula, nisbah faedah kos adalah lebih tinggi bagi SPC iaitu 2.54, 2.53 dan 2.49 berbanding dengan kaedah konvensional iaitu 1.99, 2.11 dan 1.85 bagi keseluruhan MADA dan BLS. Analisis belanjawan separa juga menunjukkan perubahan SPC boleh diterima oleh petani kerana jumlah faedah melebihi jumlah implikasi untuk kedua-dua situasi iaitu dengan subsidi dan tanpa subsidi. Sekiranya SPC dijalankan dengan subsidi kerajaan, petani memperoleh faedah masing-masing sebanyak RM2,085, RM2,421.2 dan RM1,483.4 untuk keseluruhan, MADA dan BLS. Sekiranya tanpa subsidi pula, petani memperoleh jumlah faedah yang lebih rendah iaitu RM601.33, RM804.78 dan RM206.45 untuk keseluruhan, MADA dan BLS. Kawasan dan tahap pendidikan didapati mempengaruhi nilai faedah yang diterima oleh petani yang mengamalkan SPC. Majoriti responden dapat menerima SPC dan berpendapat ia kaedah yang baik untuk diamalkan kerana amat berkesan untuk mengatasi masalah padi angin dan rumpai di kawasan yang mengalami infestasi yang tinggi.
Abstract
An economic evaluation was conducted on 60 paddy farmers in two grainary areas: Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) in Kedah and IADA Northwest Selangor (BLS). The primary data before and after practising Clearfield Production System (SPC) were obtained from the same respondents using stratified sampling method. The majority of respondents (86.7%) were planting MR 220CL2 Clearfield rice variety and the remaining were planting MR 220CL1 Clearfield variety. SPC was able to increase the average yield of 28% from 6.5 t/ha to 8.4 t/ha. Cost per kg of paddy in SPC was lower than the cost of conventional practices despite no significant difference in the average cost of production per hectare. Cost-benefit ratio of overall, MADA and BLS for SPC without price subsidy were 1.65, 1.69 and 1.57 which were higher than the conventional practices that were 1.28, 1.40 and 1.15 respectively. Taking into account the price subsidy, the cost benefit ratio of overall, MADA and BLS were 2:54, 2.53 and 2.49 which were higher compared to conventional practices of 1.99, 2.11 and 1.85 respectively. Partial budgetting analysis also showed that SPC was favourable because the total benefit was exceeding the total implications in both subsidized and unsubsidized situation. Considering the government price subsidy, the value of benefit by practicing SPC for overall, MADA and BLS were RM2,085, RM2,421.2 and RM1,483.4 while without subsidy the value were RM601.33, RM804.78 and RM206.45 respectively. Area and level of education were found affecting the value of benefits received by farmers practicing SPC. The majority of respondents were willing to accept the SPC and felt that it was very effective in solving the problem of weedy rice and weeds in areas with high infestation.