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Identifying the issues and problems of Bumiputera Commercial and Industrial Community (BCIC) agricultural entrepreneurs in Sabah and Sarawak
(Mengenal pasti isu dan masalah usahawan pertanian Masyarakat Perdagangan dan Perindustrian Bumiputera di Sabah dan Sarawak)
Mohd Syauqi Nazmi*, Hairazi Rahim*, Nik Rahimah Nik Omar*, Ahmad Zairy Zainol Abidin*, Rosnani Harun* and Alam Abd Rahman*
Keywords: entrepreneurs, BCIC, agro-based industry, livestock, crops, fisheries, marketing

Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the issues and problems of BCIC agricultural entrepreneurs in Sabah and Sarawak. A total of 172 respondents from the clusters of livestock, crops, fisheries, agro-based industry and marketing were selected to participate in this study. This study used structured questionnaires to get the primary data. Extensive descriptive analysis showed that, the main problems faced by agro-based industry entrepreneurs was high input and unstable prices, while increasing operational cost was the major problem faced by marketing, fisheries and crop entrepreneurs. Meanwhile, for livestock clusters, the main problem was lack of skilled labour. The factorial analysis described five components of problems extracted through varimax rotation. The employee factor with 30.77% of variance ratio contributed the greatest influence on BCIC programme problem. The second and third influencing components of factor were financing sources and marketing, with a variance ratio of 17.79% and 10.06% respectively. Finally, BCIC programme effectiveness could be further enhanced with the diversity of quality training to the entrepreneurs as well as sufficient facilities, equipment, inputs and machinery supports to the enterprises.

Abstrak
Kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti isu dan masalah usahawan program Masyarakat Perdagangan dan Perindustrian Bumiputera (MPPB) di Sabah dan Sarawak. Seramai 172 orang usahawan telah dipilih daripada kelompok penternakan, pertanian, perikanan, industri asas tani dan pemasaran. Soal selidik berstruktur telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan data primer. Analisis deskriptif lanjutan menunjukkan permasalahan utama yang dihadapi oleh usahawan kelompok industri asas tani ialah kos input yang tinggi dan harga yang tidak stabil, manakala peningkatan kos operasi merupakan masalah utama yang dihadapi oleh usahawan kelompok perikanan, pertanian dan pemasaran. Sementara itu, antara masalah utama yang dihadapi oleh usahawan kelompok ternakan ialah buruh yang kurang mahir. Nisbah varians menerangkan bahawa terdapat lima komponen masalah yang diolah menerusi ‘varimax rotation’. Faktor utama mendapati sebanyak 30.77% nisbah varians daripada faktor buruh merupakan penyumbang terbesar kepada masalah yang dihadapi oleh usahawan MPPB. Faktor kedua dan ketiga yang berpengaruh ialah sumber kewangan dan pemasaran dengan nisbah varians masing-masing 17.79% dan 10.06%. Kesimpulannya, keberkesanan program MPPB boleh dipertingkatkan dengan kepelbagaian latihan yang berkualiti di samping kemudahan yang mencukupi, peralatan, input dan sokongan mesin kepada usahawan.

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